Livorno is a port city on the west coast of Tuscany, and the capital city of the Province of Livorno in the Italian region of Tuscany. It was planned as an ideal town in the 16th century. Around the middle of the 19th century, the first bathing establishments of Italy appeared in Livorno.

Livorno town is located in the north of the province and is known for its seafood, Renaissance-era fortifications and modern harbour with a cruise ship port. Its central Terrazza Mascagni, a waterside promenade with checkerboard paving, is the city’s main gathering place. The bastions of the 16th-century Fortezza Vecchia face the harbour and open onto Livorno’s canal-laced Venezia Nuova quarter.

During the Second World War; the front line was at one time formed by the Arno river, and later there was the so-called Gothic Line. Florence, Pisa and Livorno were very badly damaged by intensive bombing, and the region took a very active role in the Resistance.